# forge.ta

- [isna](/reference/forge/ta/isna.md): True where a value is missing: ``None`` or ``NaN``.
- [nz](/reference/forge/ta/nz.md): Replace a missing value with ``value`` (default 0).
- [BWMFI](/reference/forge/ta/BWMFI.md): Price range per unit of volume, with Bill Williams' four colours.
- [BearsPower](/reference/forge/ta/BearsPower.md): The bar's low against an EMA of closes.
- [BollingerBands](/reference/forge/ta/BollingerBands.md): A moving average with bands set by the standard deviation.
- [BollingerPercentB](/reference/forge/ta/BollingerPercentB.md): Where the price sits between the Bollinger Bands.
- [BollingerWidth](/reference/forge/ta/BollingerWidth.md): The distance between the Bollinger Bands relative to the middle line.
- [BullsPower](/reference/forge/ta/BullsPower.md): The bar's high against an EMA of closes.
- [ChaikinOscillator](/reference/forge/ta/ChaikinOscillator.md): The fast average of A/D minus its slow average.
- [DarkCloudCover](/reference/forge/ta/DarkCloudCover.md): A fall that closes deep into the previous rise.
- [DragonflyDoji](/reference/forge/ta/DragonflyDoji.md): A doji that opens and closes near its high.
- [EfficiencyRatio](/reference/forge/ta/EfficiencyRatio.md): How directly the price moved: 1 for a straight line, near 0 for noise.
- [EveningDojiStar](/reference/forge/ta/EveningDojiStar.md): An evening star whose middle bar is a doji.
- [EveningStar](/reference/forge/ta/EveningStar.md): A long rise, a small star, then a fall into the rise.
- [FairValueGaps](/reference/forge/ta/FairValueGaps.md): Three-candle imbalances, shown until price fills them.
- [ForceIndex](/reference/forge/ta/ForceIndex.md): Volume times the change of a moving average of price.
- [GravestoneDoji](/reference/forge/ta/GravestoneDoji.md): A doji that opens and closes near its low.
- [HangingMan](/reference/forge/ta/HangingMan.md): A long lower wick after a rise.
- [HeikinAshi](/reference/forge/ta/HeikinAshi.md): Smoothed candles that make trends easier to read.
- [HighestBars](/reference/forge/ta/HighestBars.md): How many bars ago the highest value of the window was.
- [InsideBar](/reference/forge/ta/InsideBar.md): A bar whose range sits within the previous bar's range.
- [InvertedHammer](/reference/forge/ta/InvertedHammer.md): A long upper wick after a fall.
- [Keltner](/reference/forge/ta/Keltner.md): An EMA with bands set by the average true range.
- [KeltnerWidth](/reference/forge/ta/KeltnerWidth.md): The distance between the Keltner bands relative to the middle line.
- [LinRegIntercept](/reference/forge/ta/LinRegIntercept.md): Where the fitted line starts, at the oldest bar of the window.
- [LinRegSlope](/reference/forge/ta/LinRegSlope.md): How much the fitted line rises or falls per bar.
- [LogReturn](/reference/forge/ta/LogReturn.md): The natural log of the value over the previous value.
- [LowestBars](/reference/forge/ta/LowestBars.md): How many bars ago the lowest value of the window was.
- [MarketStructure](/reference/forge/ta/MarketStructure.md): Confirmed swings labelled HH, HL, LH and LL, with breaks of structure (BOS) and changes of character (CHoCH), for internal and swing structure.
- [Momentum](/reference/forge/ta/Momentum.md): Price now against price a number of bars ago.
- [MorningDojiStar](/reference/forge/ta/MorningDojiStar.md): A morning star whose middle bar is a doji.
- [MorningStar](/reference/forge/ta/MorningStar.md): A long fall, a small star, then a rise into the fall.
- [OpeningRange](/reference/forge/ta/OpeningRange.md): The high and low of the first minutes of a session, with breakout signals.
- [OrderBlocks](/reference/forge/ta/OrderBlocks.md): The last opposite candle before a break of structure, kept until price trades back through it.
- [OutsideBar](/reference/forge/ta/OutsideBar.md): A bar whose range covers the previous bar's range.
- [PeriodOpen](/reference/forge/ta/PeriodOpen.md): The opening price of the current day, week or month.
- [PivotHigh](/reference/forge/ta/PivotHigh.md): A swing high, shown once enough bars after it prove it was the highest.
- [PivotLow](/reference/forge/ta/PivotLow.md): A swing low, shown once enough bars after it prove it was the lowest.
- [PivotPoints](/reference/forge/ta/PivotPoints.md): Support and resistance levels projected from the previous day, week or month.
- [PremiumDiscount](/reference/forge/ta/PremiumDiscount.md): The upper and lower halves of the active swing range, split at equilibrium.
- [PriorLevels](/reference/forge/ta/PriorLevels.md): The previous day, week or month open, high, low and close (PDH, PDL), carried forward.
- [SessionRange](/reference/forge/ta/SessionRange.md): The high and low of the Asia, London and New York sessions, boxed while each runs.
- [ShootingStar](/reference/forge/ta/ShootingStar.md): A long upper wick after a rise.
- [SpinningTop](/reference/forge/ta/SpinningTop.md): A small body with a longer wick on each side.
- [StdDev](/reference/forge/ta/StdDev.md): How far values spread around their average over a period.
- [StochRSI](/reference/forge/ta/StochRSI.md): The stochastic oscillator applied to RSI.
- [Stochastic](/reference/forge/ta/Stochastic.md): Where the close sits in the recent high to low range, with a signal line.
- [ThreeBlackCrows](/reference/forge/ta/ThreeBlackCrows.md): Three falling bars, each opening inside the last body.
- [ThreeInside](/reference/forge/ta/ThreeInside.md): A harami confirmed by the third bar.
- [ThreeOutside](/reference/forge/ta/ThreeOutside.md): An engulfing confirmed by the third bar.
- [ThreeWhiteSoldiers](/reference/forge/ta/ThreeWhiteSoldiers.md): Three rising bars, each opening inside the last body.
- [TrueRange](/reference/forge/ta/TrueRange.md): The largest of the bar's range and its gaps from the previous close.
- [WilliamsR](/reference/forge/ta/WilliamsR.md): Where the close sits in the recent range, from 0 down to -100.
- [ac, AC](/reference/forge/ta/ac.md): Accelerator oscillator: the Awesome oscillator minus its own ``signal_period`` average.
- [accdist, AccDist](/reference/forge/ta/accdist.md): Accumulation and distribution: a running total of volume weighted by the close's position.
- [adr, ADR](/reference/forge/ta/adr.md): Average daily range: the mean high to low range of the last ``days`` finished trading days.
- [adx, ADX](/reference/forge/ta/adx.md): The ADX line of ``dmi``: how strong the trend is, whatever its direction.
- [alligator, Alligator](/reference/forge/ta/alligator.md): Bill Williams' Alligator: ``jaw``, ``teeth`` and ``lips``.
- [alma, ALMA](/reference/forge/ta/alma.md): Arnaud Legoux average: Gaussian weights over ``window`` bars.
- [ao, AO](/reference/forge/ta/ao.md): Awesome oscillator: the fast average of the median price minus the slow one.
- [aroon, Aroon](/reference/forge/ta/aroon.md): Aroon: how recently the highest high and the lowest low of the last ``period + 1`` bars came.
- [atr, ATR](/reference/forge/ta/atr.md): Average true range, Wilder smoothed (``wilder``) or a simple mean (``sma``).
- [barssince](/reference/forge/ta/barssince.md): How many bars ago the condition last held: 0 on a bar where it holds.
- [bb](/reference/forge/ta/bb.md): Bollinger Bands: a simple average with bands ``deviations`` population deviations away.
- [bb_percent](/reference/forge/ta/bb_percent.md): Bollinger Bands %B: ``(source - lower) / (upper - lower)``. No value where the bands meet.
- [bbw](/reference/forge/ta/bbw.md): Bollinger Bands width: ``(upper - lower) / middle``. No value where the middle is 0.
- [bears_power](/reference/forge/ta/bears_power.md): Bears power: the bar's low minus an EMA of the closes.
- [bulls_power](/reference/forge/ta/bulls_power.md): Bulls power: the bar's high minus an EMA of the closes.
- [bw_mfi](/reference/forge/ta/bw_mfi.md): Market facilitation index: ``mfi = (high - low) / volume``, in price units.
- [cci, CCI](/reference/forge/ta/cci.md): Commodity channel index: distance from the average in units of mean deviation.
- [chaikin_osc](/reference/forge/ta/chaikin_osc.md): Chaikin oscillator: the fast average of accumulation and distribution minus the slow one.
- [change, Change](/reference/forge/ta/change.md): Value now minus the value ``period`` bars ago.
- [cmo, CMO](/reference/forge/ta/cmo.md): Chande momentum oscillator: up moves against down moves over ``period`` bars, -100 to 100.
- [correlation](/reference/forge/ta/correlation.md): Rolling correlation of two series over the last ``period`` bars, from -1 to 1.
- [cross](/reference/forge/ta/cross.md): 1 on a bar where ``a`` crosses above ``b``, -1 where it crosses below, 0 elsewhere.
- [crossover](/reference/forge/ta/crossover.md): True on the bar where ``a`` goes from at or below ``b`` to above it.
- [crossunder](/reference/forge/ta/crossunder.md): True on the bar where ``a`` goes from at or above ``b`` to below it.
- [cum, Cum](/reference/forge/ta/cum.md): The running total of the source from the first bar.
- [dark_cloud_cover](/reference/forge/ta/dark_cloud_cover.md): Dark cloud cover: a fall that closes deep into the previous rise. Found: -1.
- [dayofweek](/reference/forge/ta/dayofweek.md): The weekday of ``t`` in ``tz``, Monday 0 to Sunday 6 (the engine clock's convention).
- [delay, Delay](/reference/forge/ta/delay.md): The source ``n`` bars ago: ``value[i] = source[i - n]``.
- [dema, DEMA](/reference/forge/ta/dema.md): Double exponential average: ``2 * EMA - EMA(EMA)``, the second stage seeded at bar
- [demarker, DeMarker](/reference/forge/ta/demarker.md): DeMarker: pressure from higher highs against lower lows, from 0 to 1.
- [dmi, DMI](/reference/forge/ta/dmi.md): Directional movement: ``plus_di``, ``minus_di`` and ``adx``.
- [doji, Doji](/reference/forge/ta/doji.md): Doji: a bar whose body is tiny against its range. Found: 1.
- [donchian, Donchian](/reference/forge/ta/donchian.md): Donchian channel: highest high and lowest low of the last ``period`` bars, and their mean.
- [dragonfly_doji](/reference/forge/ta/dragonfly_doji.md): Dragonfly doji: a doji that opens and closes near its high. Found: 1.
- [efficiency_ratio](/reference/forge/ta/efficiency_ratio.md): Net move over ``period`` bars divided by the path length.
- [ema, EMA](/reference/forge/ta/ema.md): Exponential average: ``k = 2 / (period + 1)``, seeded with the first price.
- [engulfing, Engulfing](/reference/forge/ta/engulfing.md): Engulfing: a body that covers the previous opposite body. Found: 1 bullish, -1 bearish.
- [envelopes, Envelopes](/reference/forge/ta/envelopes.md): A moving average with a band above and below it.
- [evening_doji_star](/reference/forge/ta/evening_doji_star.md): Evening doji star: an evening star whose middle bar is a doji. Found: -1.
- [evening_star](/reference/forge/ta/evening_star.md): Evening star: a long rise, a small star, then a fall into the rise. Found: -1.
- [fair_value_gaps](/reference/forge/ta/fair_value_gaps.md): Three-candle gaps, newest first in five slots per side, until price fills them.
- [falling, Falling](/reference/forge/ta/falling.md): True when each of the last ``period`` bars is below the bar before it.
- [force](/reference/forge/ta/force.md): Force index: the volume times the change of a moving average of the price.
- [fractals, Fractals](/reference/forge/ta/fractals.md): Williams fractals: ``up`` (swing high) and ``down`` (swing low), written two bars late.
- [frama, FRAMA](/reference/forge/ta/frama.md): Fractal adaptive average of the close (Ehlers).
- [gator, Gator](/reference/forge/ta/gator.md): Gator oscillator: the gaps between the Alligator's lines, above and below 0.
- [gravestone_doji](/reference/forge/ta/gravestone_doji.md): Gravestone doji: a doji that opens and closes near its low. Found: 1.
- [hammer, Hammer](/reference/forge/ta/hammer.md): Hammer: a long lower wick after a fall. Found: 1.
- [hanging_man](/reference/forge/ta/hanging_man.md): Hanging man: a long lower wick after a rise. Found: -1.
- [harami, Harami](/reference/forge/ta/harami.md): Harami: a small body inside the previous long body. Found: 1 after a fall, -1 after a rise.
- [heikin_ashi](/reference/forge/ta/heikin_ashi.md): Heikin-Ashi candles: ``ha_open``, ``ha_high``, ``ha_low`` and ``ha_close``.
- [highest, Highest](/reference/forge/ta/highest.md): The highest value of the last ``period`` bars, the current bar included.
- [highest_bars](/reference/forge/ta/highest_bars.md): How many bars ago the highest value of the last ``period`` bars was, 0 for the current bar.
- [hma, HMA](/reference/forge/ta/hma.md): Hull average: ``wma(2 * wma(x, half) - wma(x, period), root)``.
- [hour](/reference/forge/ta/hour.md): The hour (0 to 23) of nanosecond UTC times ``t`` in the zone ``tz``.
- [ichimoku, Ichimoku](/reference/forge/ta/ichimoku.md): Tenkan, kijun, senkou A and B, and chikou, undisplaced.
- [inside_bar](/reference/forge/ta/inside_bar.md): Inside bar: a bar whose range sits within the previous bar's range. Found: 1.
- [inverted_hammer](/reference/forge/ta/inverted_hammer.md): Inverted hammer: a long upper wick after a fall. Found: 1.
- [kama, KAMA](/reference/forge/ta/kama.md): Kaufman adaptive average.
- [kc](/reference/forge/ta/kc.md): Keltner channel: an EMA of closes with bands ``atr_factor`` average true ranges away.
- [kcw](/reference/forge/ta/kcw.md): Keltner channel width: ``(upper - lower) / middle``. No value where the middle is 0.
- [killzones, Killzones](/reference/forge/ta/killzones.md): Four named windows, each true on the bars that open inside it.
- [linreg, LinReg](/reference/forge/ta/linreg.md): The regression line at the newest bar of the window: ``a + b * (period - 1)``.
- [linreg_intercept](/reference/forge/ta/linreg_intercept.md): The regression line at the oldest bar of the window.
- [linreg_slope](/reference/forge/ta/linreg_slope.md): The slope of the regression line: its change per bar.
- [liquidity, Liquidity](/reference/forge/ta/liquidity.md): Equal highs and lows, resting liquidity above swing highs and below swing lows, and sweeps.
- [log_return](/reference/forge/ta/log_return.md): The natural log of the value over the previous value: ``ln(source[i] / source[i-1])``.
- [lowest, Lowest](/reference/forge/ta/lowest.md): The lowest value of the last ``period`` bars, the current bar included.
- [lowest_bars](/reference/forge/ta/lowest_bars.md): How many bars ago the lowest value of the last ``period`` bars was, 0 for the current bar.
- [lwma](/reference/forge/ta/lwma.md): Linearly weighted average: weight ``period`` on the newest value down to 1 on the oldest.
- [ma, MA](/reference/forge/ta/ma.md): The moving average named by ``method``: one of sma, ema, smma, lwma, wma, hma, dema, tema.
- [macd, MACD](/reference/forge/ta/macd.md): MACD: the fast EMA minus the slow EMA, its signal line and the gap between them.
- [market_structure](/reference/forge/ta/market_structure.md): Swings labelled HH, HL, LH and LL, with breaks of structure and changes of character.
- [marubozu, Marubozu](/reference/forge/ta/marubozu.md): Marubozu: a bar with almost no wicks. Found: 1 on a rising bar, -1 on a falling bar.
- [max2](/reference/forge/ta/max2.md): The larger of two series bar by bar, or of a series and a number.
- [median, Median](/reference/forge/ta/median.md): Median of the last ``period`` values. NaN where the window holds a missing value.
- [mfi, MFI](/reference/forge/ta/mfi.md): Money flow index: RSI built from the typical price times volume, from 0 to 100.
- [midpoint, MidPoint](/reference/forge/ta/midpoint.md): Halfway between the highest and the lowest value of the last ``period`` bars.
- [midprice, MidPrice](/reference/forge/ta/midprice.md): Halfway between the highest high and the lowest low of the last ``period`` bars.
- [min2](/reference/forge/ta/min2.md): The smaller of two series bar by bar, or of a series and a number.
- [mom](/reference/forge/ta/mom.md): Price now against price ``period`` bars ago.
- [month](/reference/forge/ta/month.md): The month (1 to 12) of ``t`` in ``tz``.
- [morning_doji_star](/reference/forge/ta/morning_doji_star.md): Morning doji star: a morning star whose middle bar is a doji. Found: 1.
- [morning_star](/reference/forge/ta/morning_star.md): Morning star: a long fall, a small star, then a rise into the fall. Found: 1.
- [obv, OBV](/reference/forge/ta/obv.md): On-balance volume: a running total that starts with the first bar's volume.
- [opening_range](/reference/forge/ta/opening_range.md): The high and low of the first minutes of a session, and the closes that cross them.
- [order_blocks](/reference/forge/ta/order_blocks.md): The last opposite candle before each break of structure, kept until price goes through it.
- [osma, OsMA](/reference/forge/ta/osma.md): OsMA: the MACD line minus its signal line.
- [outside_bar](/reference/forge/ta/outside_bar.md): Outside bar: a bar whose range covers the previous bar's range. Found: 1.
- [percentrank, PercentRank](/reference/forge/ta/percentrank.md): The share of the previous ``period`` values at or below the current value.
- [period_open](/reference/forge/ta/period_open.md): The open of the current day, week or month on every bar of it.
- [piercing, Piercing](/reference/forge/ta/piercing.md): Piercing line: a rise that closes deep into the previous fall. Found: 1.
- [pivot_high](/reference/forge/ta/pivot_high.md): The high of a swing high, written ``right`` bars after the swing.
- [pivot_low](/reference/forge/ta/pivot_low.md): The low of a swing low, written ``right`` bars after the swing (the mirror of pivot_high).
- [pivot_points](/reference/forge/ta/pivot_points.md): Pivot points for ``kind`` from the previous ``period`` (``D``, ``W`` or ``M``).
- [premium_discount](/reference/forge/ta/premium_discount.md): The upper and lower halves of the active swing range, split at equilibrium.
- [prior_levels](/reference/forge/ta/prior_levels.md): The previous day's, week's or month's open, high, low and close on every bar.
- [rising, Rising](/reference/forge/ta/rising.md): True when each of the last ``period`` bars is above the bar before it.
- [rma, RMA](/reference/forge/ta/rma.md): Wilder's smoothed average: seeded with the mean of the first ``period`` values.
- [roc, ROC](/reference/forge/ta/roc.md): Change over ``period`` bars, as a percent, a fraction or a ratio.
- [rsi, RSI](/reference/forge/ta/rsi.md): Relative strength index from average gains against average losses, 0 to 100.
- [rvi, RVI](/reference/forge/ta/rvi.md): Relative vigor index: the close against the open, scaled by the range, with a signal line.
- [sar, SAR](/reference/forge/ta/sar.md): Parabolic stop and reverse.
- [session_range](/reference/forge/ta/session_range.md): The Asia, London and New York sessions: a box while each runs, its levels once it ends.
- [shooting_star](/reference/forge/ta/shooting_star.md): Shooting star: a long upper wick after a rise. Found: -1.
- [sma, SMA](/reference/forge/ta/sma.md): Mean of the last ``period`` values, each window summed from scratch.
- [smma](/reference/forge/ta/smma.md): Wilder's smoothed average: seeded with the mean of the first ``period`` values.
- [spinning_top](/reference/forge/ta/spinning_top.md): Spinning top: a small body with a longer wick on each side.
- [stdev](/reference/forge/ta/stdev.md): Standard deviation of the last ``period`` values around their moving average at this bar.
- [stoch](/reference/forge/ta/stoch.md): Stochastic oscillator: ``k`` is the slowed %K and ``d`` its simple average.
- [stoch_rsi](/reference/forge/ta/stoch_rsi.md): The stochastic oscillator applied to the relative strength index.
- [sum, Sum](/reference/forge/ta/sum.md): The sum of the last ``period`` values. A window that holds a missing value has no value.
- [supertrend, SuperTrend](/reference/forge/ta/supertrend.md): SuperTrend: a line ``factor`` average true ranges from the bar's midpoint that only ratchets.
- [tema, TEMA](/reference/forge/ta/tema.md): Triple exponential average: ``3 * E1 - 3 * E2 + E3``. After a gap the cascade restarts.
- [three_black_crows](/reference/forge/ta/three_black_crows.md): Three black crows: three falling bars, each opening inside the last body. Found: -1.
- [three_inside](/reference/forge/ta/three_inside.md): Three inside: a harami confirmed by the third bar. Found: 1 up, -1 down.
- [three_outside](/reference/forge/ta/three_outside.md): Three outside: an engulfing confirmed by the third bar. Found: 1 up, -1 down.
- [three_white_soldiers](/reference/forge/ta/three_white_soldiers.md): Three white soldiers: three rising bars, each opening inside the last body. Found: 1.
- [timestamp](/reference/forge/ta/timestamp.md): Nanoseconds UTC of a local time in ``tz``.
- [tr](/reference/forge/ta/tr.md): True range: the bar's range widened to take in the gap from the previous close.
- [trix, TRIX](/reference/forge/ta/trix.md): TRIX: the one-bar change of a triple smoothed EMA, as a fraction and not a percent.
- [valuewhen](/reference/forge/ta/valuewhen.md): The source on the bar where the condition last held, or the ``occurrence``-th time before.
- [variance, Variance](/reference/forge/ta/variance.md): Variance: the mean squared distance of the last ``period`` values from their average.
- [vidya, VIDYA](/reference/forge/ta/vidya.md): Chande's variable index dynamic average.
- [volumes, Volumes](/reference/forge/ta/volumes.md): The volume of each bar, and whether it is above the previous bar's.
- [vwap, VWAP](/reference/forge/ta/vwap.md): Volume-weighted average price from each anchor, with bands at its weighted deviation.
- [vwma, VWMA](/reference/forge/ta/vwma.md): Volume weighted average: ``sum(price * volume) / sum(volume)`` over the last ``period`` bars.
- [wilder](/reference/forge/ta/wilder.md): Wilder's smoothed average: seeded with the mean of the first ``period`` values.
- [wma, WMA](/reference/forge/ta/wma.md): Linearly weighted average: weight ``period`` on the newest value down to 1 on the oldest.
- [wpr](/reference/forge/ta/wpr.md): Williams %R: where the close sits in the recent range, from 0 down to -100.
- [zigzag, ZigZag](/reference/forge/ta/zigzag.md): Swing highs and lows, written only once a reversal confirms them.